BOARD MEETING DATE: January 8, 1999 AGENDA NO. 34
PROPOSAL:
Adopt Basic Tenets and Action Initiatives and Approve Workplan to Implement, Children’s Air Quality Agenda Proposed by Chairman William Burke
SYNOPSIS:
At the December 11, 1998 Board meeting, Chairman William Burke presented four basic tenets and ten action initiatives to help protect children from disproportionate health effects of air pollution. Proposed actions for the children’s agenda will complement the AQMD’s previously adopted environmental justice initiatives. This item provides staff’s initial implementation proposal for each initiative, including resource requirements and proposed timelines. Upon Board approval, staff will proceed with implementation of the initiatives.
COMMITTEE:
None
RECOMMENDED ACTION:
1) Adopt Basic Tenets and Action Initiatives and
2) Approve workplan to implement, the Children’s Air Quality Agenda.
Barry R. Wallerstein, D.Env.
Executive Officer
Background
In October 1997, the Governing Board adopted a workplan to implement its Environmental Justice Initiatives, aimed at ensuring that clean air benefits are accorded to all residents and communities of the South Coast Air Quality Management District. In September 1998 the Board adopted a workplan to implement a set of recommendations submitted by the Ad Hoc Inland Empire Committee, aimed at addressing inland community concerns and needs yet benefiting the entire region.
At the December 1998 Board meeting, Chairman William Burke presented four basic tenets and ten action initiatives comprising the Children’s Air Quality Agenda (Attachment 1), aimed at helping to protect children from disproportionate health effects of air pollution. Proposed actions for the children’s agenda will complement the previously described initiatives as well as the region’s AQMP control strategies. At the December meeting, the Chairman also directed staff to return in January with analysis and recommendations on implementation of the proposed agenda and its initiatives. The workplan (Attachment 2) provides staff’s initial implementation proposal for each initiative, including possible resource requirements and proposed timeline.
Children’s Air Quality Agenda
(The following discussion is condensed from Chairman Burke’s original remarks at the December 1998 Board meeting.)
High concentrations of air pollutants such as ozone and PM10 present health problems for all District residents, but they pose a relatively higher risk of harm to children, the elderly, and persons with pre-existing health problems. Despite the District’s improved air quality, millions of children in the South Coast Air Quality Management District continue to be exposed to the worst air pollution in the nation. Their health and their quality of life is directly affected by poor air quality. For this reason, children’s facilities such as schools, playgrounds, childcare & recreational sites are considered "sensitive receptors."
Medical experts believe that children are at increased risk in two ways:
This threat is not only important from their families’ point of view - - it is also important because early, prolonged exposure to high pollution levels can put young individuals’ health at risk for years to come. Thus, impacts first suffered in childhood can burden society’s overall healthcare system.
One serious illness affected by poor air quality is asthma, a leading chronic illness of children in this country and a leading cause, also, of repeated absences from school and emergency room visits by youngsters. More seriously, however, five times more children than adults die from asthma each year.
There is clear evidence of an association between air pollutant exposure and adverse health effects, including: decreased breathing capacity, increased asthma attacks and other respiratory ailments, eye/throat/nose irritations, and headaches.
The AQMD’s primary mission includes public health protection. The District has the responsibility to serve the air quality needs of children as it pursues the District’s attainment goals. Clearly, this can be accomplished primarily through implementation of pollution control strategies. Ambient air quality that meets federal and state standards will raise the quality of life for every child in the South Coast Air Quality Management District.
But the agency can also perform a key public service by strengthening its role as a channel for public information and public outreach on children’s air quality issues. To that end, the Chairman has proposed that the Board adopt the four Basic Tenets and implement the ten Action Initiatives that together make up the Children’s Air Quality Agenda for the South Coast Air Quality Management District.
Proposal
Staff has prepared a Children’s Air Quality Agenda workplan, attached, and also proposes that the Action Initiatives be implemented within the resources already allocated for FY 1998/99 to the maximum extent possible. Should additional resource needs be identified, recommendations will be made to augment the FY 1998/99 Budget or to provide funding in the 1999/00 Budget. In addition, funding will be sought from ARB, U.S. EPA, and other public and private entities, as appropriate or needed. Upon Board approval, staff will proceed with implementation of the initiatives.
Resource Impacts
Attachment 2 contains preliminary information on resource requirements. It appears that the majority of the workplan can be accomplished within the existing Budget through rearrangement of some task priorities and timelines. Outside funding will be sought for the school air monitoring services (Action Initiative #3), the lung & asthma testing (Action Initiative #5), and elsewhere as appropriate.
Attachments
1. Children’s Air Quality Agenda: Basic Tenets and Action Initiatives
2. Workplan to Implement Children’s Air Quality Agenda
Attachment 1
CHILDREN’S AIR QUALITY AGENDA
Basic Tenets
Action Initiatives
WORKPLAN TO IMPLEMENT
CHILDREN’S AIR QUALITY AGENDA
Initiative No. 1 - Educators Conference
Hold an Educators Conference for school administrators, teachers, and coaches on air pollution and children’s health. Invite medical experts to summarize the state-of-knowledge on the effects of air pollution on children’s and young adults’ health. Discuss appropriate and feasible steps schools can take to assess and minimize exposure, and curriculum & resources available to better educate students and teachers about air pollution.
Background:
The AQMD has for many years provided classroom and event speakers & visitor, audiovisual aids, and daily air quality forecasts to Southland schools. The agency has long recognized that, alongside parents, school staff members are important stakeholders to achieve and maintain air quality awareness in the South Coast Quality Management District. This initiative seeks to raise that recognition to a still higher level. During the school day, instructors and administrators are a primary line of communication with students who may experience smog- or emissions-related breathing irritation. It is important that regional educators be supported with specialty instruction materials on AQMD’s forecast system, as well as up-to-date medical findings on school-age exposure and practical mitigation options.
Classroom curricula are also a primary resource for educating young people about air quality science, pollution control methods, and low-emission technologies. It is thus important that educators have access to sound instructional material specific to the District’s severe air quality challenge, to supplement their broader coverage of science, health and public affairs.
Proposed Implementation:
Public Advisor staff are planning two Smog & Health seminars for educators during 1999. One will be held in the Inland Empire and the other in the downtown Los Angeles area, at a time to be arranged with input from educators. Each seminar will include information on air quality, the smog episode notification program, the new ozone and PM10/PM2.5 standards, the revised Pollutant Standards Index, available classroom materials, and a presentation on the health effects of smog. One or more physicians specializing in pediatric respiratory care and treatment will be invited to speak and answer questions.
Resource Needs:
This initiative will be accomplished primarily with existing outreach budget and staffing, with outside co-sponsorship also solicited.
Initiative No. 2 - Pediatricians Conference
Seek medical association co-sponsorship for a Pediatricians Conference on air quality to provide local-area doctors with the latest information on air quality and children’s health.
Background:
Adverse health effects of air pollution have been well documented following fatal fog incidents recorded in Donora, PA in 1948 and London in 1952. Research efforts to date have assisted in identifying most of the acute or short-term effects resulting from exposure to air pollution and thus helped in establishing the national and state ambient air quality standards. These health-based standards, recently updated for ozone and fine particulate matter, represent the District’s AQMP attainment targets.
In recent years, some study results suggest that the magnitude of air pollution impact might be higher in some specific population subgroups such as children, the elderly, and individuals suffering from lung and heart disease. Higher activity patterns, relative lung size and breathing rate of children leading to a relatively higher exposure to pollutants, along with increased susceptibility during the growth period, are considered to be responsible for disproportionate impacts in children. This initiative is directed at bringing together leading scientists and pediatricians to discuss the state-of-science on this health concern, including sources of exposure to children and treatment.
A 1996 policy statement of the American Academy of Pediatrics noted that "there are few elements more basic to the health of our children than ensuring that the air they breathe is clean."
Proposed Implementation:
A conference is proposed to be held in summer 1999 to provide a platform for presenting the latest information on air quality and children’s health. Disproportionate impacts resulting from exposure to both criteria pollutants and toxics will be discussed, as well as treatment and prevention. The conference will be hosted by the AQMD seeking co-sponsorship from the American Academy of Pediatrics and its local chapters, Los Angeles Pediatric Society, American Thoracic Society, American Lung Association, Asthma Foundation, and several state and federal agencies. The conference is also expected to identify key research needs which need to be addressed in the future.
Resource Needs:
Existing staff will be utilized to implement this initiative within currently budgeted resources.
Initiative No. 3 - Assistance to School Districts
Regarding Air Quality Assessments
Provide enhanced assistance to school districts regarding air quality assessment (including air toxics) and site remediation for new and existing sites, including monitoring and laboratory analysis of air samples.
Background:
On occasion, public concerns have been raised regarding possible toxic contaminant exposures to students at schools located adjacent to toxic-emitting facilities, or located on sites where toxic ground or water contamination may have previously occurred. Upon request, the AQMD can provide information to school officials at existing or candidate school sites regarding background air quality conditions, including toxics; however, until recently few schools have asked AQMD for such assistance. Assembly Bill 3205 (Waters, 1988) and Section 17213 of the California Education Code require school districts to consult with their local air pollution control agency to identify potential sources of hazardous emissions within a quarter-mile radius of proposed new school sites and to make certain findings that any such emissions would not endanger students or staff. Air toxic source reviews are extremely helpful in selecting a safe and healthy school environment. It is thus desirable for AQMD to establish an expanded outreach program for school officials to inform them of AQMD's capabilities to provide air monitoring and other information, including toxic risk assessments, to assist them and concerned parents in learning about air quality conditions at school locations. The capability for ambient air monitoring using mobile platforms was established as part of the Environmental Justice Initiatives, and those capabilities can likewise be used to assist schools.
The following actions are proposed to be taken to implement this initiative:
At the conclusion of the MATES-II study, the AQMD will commit one mobile platform to collect toxic and PM2.5 samples at schools throughout the South Coast District, upon school request. A program will be established to support monitoring at a rate of one school per month (sampling two days per week, during schoolday hours) for a total of three consecutive weeks (allowing one week to move and set up the mobile platform). Careful advance planning and coordination with school districts will be required as AQMD experience with the Microscale study indicates about one to three months of preparation is needed in order to ready a site for the platform. This approach is also consistent with the current Microscale study, so both the Environmental Justice and Children's Air Quality Agenda initiatives can be carried forward in a similar sampling program. In addition, each time AQMD conducts monitoring at a school site, staff will work with school officials to offer to install permanent wind equipment. This equipment would serve as a learning tool for students and further provide AQMD with additional surface wind sites, which could help in AQMD modeling efforts.
AQMD staff will continue to promptly respond to school district requests for assistance with school site review. Requests for review service are initiated with a simple letter to the AQMD, attention Air Toxics Programs. The District maintains records of approximately 28,000 businesses under permit and reviews these records to identify facilities within ¼ mile of a requested school site. Site-specific maps, lists of facilities and permitted equipment, as well as emissions information and compliance analysis is provided to requesting districts. Staff conclusions regarding the potential for public nuisance incidents and other emissions impacts at the site are also provided.
The Public Advisor has developed a School Board Outreach Program. Staff will make presentations to all school boards within the District to inform them of the services available from the AQMD. Included in those presentations will be information on AQMD’s available services for evaluating prospective sites for new schools. If additional services are requested (such as evaluating existing school sites, air monitoring, etc.) that information will be added to individual presentations.
In addition, outreach materials will be developed to inform school district officials of the air quality assessment services available from the District and how to easily access them. Program information will be mailed to all school districts in the AQMD’s jurisdiction. In addition, these materials will be made available to teachers, parents, and other interested individuals. Also, in the course of any complaint investigation and resolution activities which arise related to schools, AQMD inspectors will inform and encourage school representatives to take advantage of these services.
Estimated monitoring costs for above action no. 1 (actual and labor) are approximately $15,000 per monthly site. This includes site preparation (fencing, power, and other incidentals), equipment parts and repair, and staff time for calibration repair, site preparations, servicing, laboratory analyses, and data compilation and assessment. Over the course of one year, this program would cost approximately $180,000. To do PM2.5 sampling would require the purchase of a PM2.5 sampler at approximately $14,000. However, U.S. EPA might allow AQMD to use one of the continuous PM2.5 samplers, for which they are providing funds for application in a mobile setting, to be used in this
program, saving the $14,000 purchase cost. Staff will attempt to obtain financial support for this effort from both U.S. EPA and CARB.
School site review and outreach activities will be conducted using current resources.
Initiative No. 4A
Expand Green Carpet Service for School Sites
Expand Green Carpet permit-expediting service to include school sites
(elementary, junior high and high school).
Background:
AQMD’s Green Carpet program was developed in 1996 as part of the Board’s Regulatory Reform initiatives, and was designed to expedite permitting of specific major projects that meet future clean air standards, advance clean technologies, create jobs, or involve large (greater than $10 million) capital expenditures. Priority permits have been successfully provided for a number of large projects of significant regional benefit. These positive results were attributed to early preliminary discussions among the applicants, AQMD staff, and consultants; as well as timely submittal of necessary permitting and CEQA information, and early development of an agreed-upon schedule for project permitting milestones.
This initiative would seek to make school-related permits eligible for the Green Carpet program, regardless of project size. The bulk of such permits would probably be related to smaller equipment such as IC engines and boilers, etc., and on occasion to permitting of site remediation activities. Expansion of the program to schools would encourage early coordination between school district officials, their consultants, and AQMD staff.
Proposed Implementation:
AQMD staff will expand the current Green Carpet priority permitting service eligibility to include elementary, junior high, and high school facilities, beginning in February 1999. School district participation will be tracked and reported to the Governing Board in the ongoing Green Carpet annual reports. Staff will also include information regarding this permit assistance and expediting service in outreach materials regarding air quality assessment services to encourage school districts to participate in these programs and enhance coordination at the front end of school permit planning efforts.
Resource Needs:
This Initiative will be implemented utilizing existing staff and resources in Stationary Source Compliance and the Public Advisor’s Office.
Initiative No. 4B
Conversion of School Buses to Clean Fuels
Implement programs to expedite the conversion of school buses to clean fuels.
Background:
Emission standards for mobile sources are established by state and federal agencies such as ARB and U.S. EPA rather than by local agencies such as the AQMD. Although AQMD does not directly control pollution from vehicles, the agency does participate in a number of efforts aimed at promoting the use of cleaner fuels and vehicles. In 1998, the Governing Board’s Environmental Justice Initiative No. 7, Cleanup Incentives for Diesel, noted that diesel engine emissions are associated with a wide variety of toxic, cancer, and non-cancer health effects, with ARB classifying diesel engine particulate exhaust as a toxic air contaminant. The ARB has recently set a goal to convert all diesel school buses in the state to clean fuel buses by the year 2008.
According to a survey conducted by AQMD staff in mid-1995, there were at that time 4,285 school-owned and -operated buses in the South Coast Air Quality Management District, and another 4,571 school buses owned and operated by private contractors. Over ¾ of these buses were larger Type 1 (16+-seat) diesel vehicles. Total vehicle miles traveled by all school buses in the South Coast reached a combined 120,500,000 miles annually, with an average VMT per bus of over 14,000 miles/year. Most school districts (>80%) make use of fewer than 50 buses in their student-transport operations, and are severely challenged by budgetary and infrastructure limitations - - as well as educational priorities - - as they anticipate the transition to a cleaner school bus fleet.
At the same time, school buses can be ideal early candidates for alternative fuels because they have well-defined routes, regular maintenance hours, and comparatively low range requirements. In addition, smoking school buses occupy a high-visibility niche in the public consciousness, and clean replacement buses therefore exemplify improved vehicle technologies for the broader community.
Registration-derived AB2766 funding exclusively targets air pollution from motor vehicles, and is directed by the regional Mobile Source (Air Pollution Reduction) Review Committee, or MSRC. Included in MSRC’s 1998 slate of projects approved by the Governing Board was a $2.8 million CNG School Bus Buydown Program which provided for reimbursement of up to $40,000 per low-emission / clean fuel school bus. Thus far, since 1994, MSRC has provided the differential cost for nearly 60 alternative-fuel buses (CNG and electric). In addition, a portion of the soon-to-be-available Carl Moyer Memorial funds from CARB may be available for this purpose.
Proposed Implementation:
Resource Needs:
Existing Technology Advancement, Public Affairs, and Legislative staff will enhance current efforts or be redirected to implement this initiative. Funding enhancements will occur as part of existing or newly planned allocations.
Initiative No. 5 - Funding for Lung & Asthma Testing
Seek federal and state funding for additional lung and asthma testing of children (such as that successfully conducted by a UCLA mobile clinic), through a mobile unit traveling to schools and sports league sites.
Background:
In recent years the incidence of asthma has increased significantly and is now the number one cause of childhood hospitalization. It is also known that air pollution is a significant factor in inducing asthma attacks in both adults and children. In recent years a pilot effort has been conducted to educate and treat asthmatic school children who live in poorer socioeconomic areas without ready access to medical care. In this effort, university-based mobile clinics comprised of physicians and nursing staff appear to have had a significant impact in improving the health status of these asthmatic children.
The AQMD has been a past sponsor of the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America’s mobile treatment vans. There are currently three of these "Breathmobiles" that visit a total of 54 schools, primarily in low-income areas, to provide free treatment for asthmatic students. The idea behind the "Breathmobile" program is to reduce the number of low-income children needing more-costly emergency room care because they were not receiving regular treatment to control their asthma. The program has been acclaimed as saving lives and saving money.
The AQMD has also initiated a youth sports outreach program, designed to provide coaches and sport league participants with information on air pollution and ways in which they can decrease their exposure to smog and take personal responsibility to reduce pollution. Linking the sports outreach and the mobile clinic concept when possible can serve to heighten awareness of the health effects of smog and what the public can do to help support and promote clean air issues. Hence, this initiative proposes that the AQMD act as a support partner in efforts to expand these programs and provide service to more children at more schools and sport event sites.
Proposed Implementation:
Staff proposes that AQMD partner with various groups such as the Southern California Center for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Research and jointly seek funding opportunities to support and expand their ongoing efforts at the earliest practicable date in 1999. Both state and federal agencies (such as U.S. EPA’s Office of Children’s Health Protection) will be contacted to investigate opportunities for funding support. Mobile clinic visits will be useful, first, in empowering asthmatic children to take personal precautions to reduce air quality impacts, and secondly, in providing data to evaluate the magnitude of disproportionate impacts and chronic effects of air pollution in this vulnerable population subgroup. In addition, clinic statistics will provide a population subset which could be followed-through for chronic effects evaluation.
Resource Needs:
Funding will be sought from both U.S. EPA and CARB. In addition, staff may recommend that a portion of AQMD penalty monies be earmarked for implementation of this initiative.
Initiative No. 6 - School Visitation Program
Adopt a school program where each AQMD manager, program supervisor, engineer, inspector, and air quality specialist visits one school a year to make a presentation to a class or assembly on air quality. Executive Officer would ensure reasonable distribution of staff among counties, subregions (e.g., Coachella Valley), and communities. Intended to be a multiyear program.
Background:
This initiative seeks to tap the broad range of academic achievement and expertise represented among AQMD staff to create an enhanced point of personal contact between the agency and school-age children, young adults and adults. For example, in the development of the most recent AQMP, the principal staff contributors’ academic backgrounds included bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees, and professional certifications, in subjects including: atmospheric science, business, chemical engineering, chemistry, civil engineering, computer science, economics and resource management, environmental engineering, environmental law, industrial psychology, mechanical engineering, medicine, meteorology, public administration, public health, and urban planning.
This initiative is two-pronged: it seeks to provide students with greater exposure to the broad range of AQMD areas of responsibility and expertise; and it seeks to provide AQMD employees with greater exposure to the needs and interests of their student air quality stakeholders.
Proposed Implementation:
Resource Needs:
Funding for action no. 1 above would be obtained from redirected budget line items or sought from outside co-sponsors. Action nos. 2 and 3 above would be funded from redirected monies in the existing Public Advisor budget.
Initiative No. 7 - Student Intern Program
Help train future air quality scientists by establishing a student intern program where each Board member designates two high school or college students for summer internship at AQMD, to receive hands-on training in air chemistry, meteorology, engineering, public administration, or other field.
Background:
For several years, AQMD has provided mutually beneficial educational experiences for college student interns, in majors ranging from chemistry and environmental affairs to law, accounting, and computer programming. Student interns have obtained firsthand experience in departmental work areas such as AQMD’s fiscal, laboratory, planning, and technology advancement offices, and have had the opportunity to engage in day-to-day work with mentoring professionals.
While at the AQMD, students work side-by-side with air quality professionals who are involved in cleaning up the most challenging air district in the United States. Such a program can help students make decisions involving collegiate and graduate training in the sciences and other professional fields. This initiative seeks to widen the educational focus of the intern program to include both high school and college students from all four counties, with a wider variety of majors, for temporary summer assignments of 8-10 weeks.
Proposed Implementation:
Resource Needs:
Staff proposes that this initiative be implemented within resources already allocated for FY 1998/99 to the extent possible. Outside funding will be sought for possible intern stipends or scholarships.
Initiative No. 8 - Cooperative Education Program
Partner in a Cooperative Education program about air quality and children’s & young adults’ health, to be carried out at local museums throughout the District.
Background:
Today’s unmatched rate of technological change has created an equally unprecedented need for science literacy. As students gain familiarity with scientific and mathematical principles, they improve their ability to evaluate problems and analyze potential solutions, thus expanding not only their own career options but their community’s pool of resources.
AQMD has previously funded and placed temporary and permanent exhibits on air quality at museums such as the California Science Center, the KidSpace Museum, the Griffith Park Observatory, the Los Angeles Zoo, and the Cabrillo Marine Museum. During the 50-year anniversary of the AQMD in 1997, AQMD sponsored a summer traveling historical exhibit at Southland shopping centers and community sites, illustrating key legislation and technologies which have dramatically cut smog in Southern California since 1947, and outlining the area’s future cleanup challenge. AQMD has also co-sponsored exhibits related to clean commuting options, such as the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History exhibit on bicycle technology.
This initiative seeks additional opportunities for educational partnerships through area museums, as well as steps to create youth-oriented science displays at AQMD’s Diamond Bar headquarters.
Proposed Implementation:
Resource Needs:
Funding for action no. 3 above would be obtained from the existing Public Advisor budget. Action nos. 1 and 2 above would require allocation of monies from penalties, TAO or other sources. Specific funding needs will be defined as part of the proposal to be presented to the Board in May 1999.
Initiative No. 9 - Expand Web Page
Expand AQMD’s web page to provide asthma and respiratory information as related to air quality for children and others, also seeking the assistance of medical experts from UCLA, USC, Rancho Los Amigos, Loma Linda, and other health centers.
Background:
AQMD’s Internet website currently has a colorfully illustrated children’s page (http://www.aqmd.gov, then scroll down the homepage screen to the "Just for Kids" icon) which contains: information on how to join the Smogbusters Club; a timeline of smog-related scientific progress; a short interactive game about typical consumer products that can contribute smog-forming emissions; a glossary of air quality terms; and helpful links to other air quality related websites. The website also offers all browsers a basic discussion of smog levels and potential health effects (http://www.aqmd.gov, click on the "Smog Levels" icon, then jump to the ‘Smog and Health’ option).
This initiative is aimed at enhancing the website’s health-related air quality content, for both children and their adult caretakers, in order to provide clear, concise guidelines on minimizing exposure risks during forecasted high ozone and/or high particulate episodes.
Proposed Implementation:
With the assistance of regional medical experts, staff proposes to enhance AQMD’s website with new material on how children are affected by smog, the relationship between air pollution and asthma, and also add links to other sites with more information on this subject. These enhancements would go online by July 1999.
In addition, AQMD will provide an electronic link to an upcoming EPA publication on smog & health information for doctors and health care providers, which is being developed as part of the revision of the Pollutant Standards Index.
Resource Needs:
Existing Public Advisor, Graphics, and Information Management staff, as well as AQMD’s Health Effects Officer, will be utilized to implement the remainder of this initiative within currently budgeted resources.
Initiative No. 10 - Establish a Children’s Advisory Board
Establish a Children’s Air Quality Advisory Board to meet quarterly to review status on initiative implementation and to make future recommendations to the Governing Board.
Background:
A number of advisory groups are presently active in facilitating input into the Governing Board’s decision-making processes regarding AQMD programs and activities. While there are policy issues which are of interest to multiple advisory groups, it has proven useful for each group to focus on specific topics and review actions in order to provide the Board with clear comments and recommendations on subjects within a group’s direct area of familiarity
Staff recommends the formation of a 12-18 member, focused advisory board on Children’s Air Quality made up of scientific researchers, physicians, educators, students, and AQMD Board members. Such a group could meet on a quarterly basis and serve to provide the Board with additional technical expertise while maintaining an effective workload schedule for advisory members.
Proposed Implementation:
Resource Needs:
Staff proposes that this Initiative be implemented within the resources already allocated for FY 1998/99 to the extent possible. As additional resource needs are identified, recommendations will be made to augment the FY 1998/99 Budget or provide funding in the FY 1999/00 Budget.
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