BOARD MEETING DATE: September 5, 2003
AGENDA NO. 8

Report on Survey of Future Diesel Engine Technologies to Meet 2007 Federal Standards, and Issue an RFP for Demonstration of Advanced Diesel Emission Control Systems in Low-Sulfur Diesel Fueled Heavy-Duty Engines. for Reduced Diesel Exhaust Emissions

SYNOPSIS:

On June 6, 2003, the Board approved an amendment to Rule 1193, which included Resolution 03-14 to conduct a survey of heavy duty diesel engine manufacturers to determine their progress and identify the technologies they will use to meet the federal standards in 2007. Based on this survey, the Board further resolved to issue an RFP to conduct a demonstration study of these technologies. This Board item is to provide the status on the diesel technologies survey and issue the associated RFP.

COMMITTEE:

Mobile Source, August 22, 2003 (informational item only)
Technology, August 22, 2003. Less than a quorum was present during the discussion of this item; Committee members present communicated their concurrence and recommendation that this item be forwarded for Board consideration with no approval or disapproval recommendation from the Committee.

RECOMMENDED ACTION:

1. Receive and file the report regarding the progress and type of emission control technologies heavy-duty engine manufacturers are pursuing to meet the federal 2007 and 2010 heavy-duty emission standards for nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.
    
2. Approve issuance of RFP #P2004-06 to solicit cost-shared proposals to demonstrate and evaluate the performance, durability, and emission-reduction potential of advanced diesel emission control systems in engines fueled by low-sulfur diesel fuel and used in waste collection vehicles

Barry R. Wallerstein, D.Env.
Executive Officer

Background

On June 6, 2003, the Board amended Rule 1193 – Clean On-Road Residential and Commercial Waste Collection Vehicles, extending the sunset date to July 1, 2004 for purchase or lease of solid waste collection vehicles powered by dual-fueled heavy-duty engines as a compliance option. In addition, the Board included purchase of solid waste collection vehicles, roll-off vehicles, and transfer trucks powered by pilot ignition heavy-duty engines as an additional compliance option. During the rule development, some affected operators expressed a need to determine the feasibility of new pollution control technologies to reduce emissions from diesel-fueled engines. Consequently in the adopting resolution, the Governing Board directed staff to:

• Conduct a survey of heavy-duty engine manufacturers to determine their progress and the type of emission control technologies that are being pursued to meet the federal 2007 and 2010 heavy-duty exhaust emissions standards for NOx and PM.
• Develop a request for proposals for a demonstration study of technologies identified in the survey.

The survey results were garnered through visits to six heavy-duty engine manufacturers, some of whom produce both diesel and natural gas engines. During these visits, each manufacturer was encouraged to discuss its general strategy on meeting the 2007 and 2010 federal standards. Based on the limited information revealed at these meetings, a non-technology specific, emissions reduction RFP was drafted to solicit proposals from the manufacturers to demonstrate their diesel engine technology.

Survey Results

The current heavy-duty federal emissions standards are 2.4 g/bhp-hr NOx plus NMHC. In 2007, the NOx standard will decrease by an order of magnitude to 0.2 g/bhp-hr NOx. To facilitate this transition, there is a phase-in period which allows 50% compliance for model years 2007, 2008, and 2009 with full compliance by 2010. There is also a credit mechanism for early introduction of lower emission engines. Due to this phase-in, most manufacturers will utilize fleet emissions averaging to comply with the 2007 standards by certifying smaller engines at the stricter standards. These smaller engines, typically used in pickup trucks and pickup-and-delivery trucks, have higher production volumes and will be easier to certify due to their lower horsepower and torque.

All of the manufacturers have selected a technical strategy to meet the 2007 heavy-duty standards. In most cases, they will utilize a combination of lean NOx traps and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). At least one manufacturer is planning to use selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology. The manufacturers agree that the engines that do meet the 2007 standard will cost more with reduced fuel economy than current engines. The additional costs range from one $1,000 to several thousand dollars per engine with fuel economy penalties of up to 20%.

Due to the breadth of technologies and unspecified costs from the survey, the RFP was drafted to demonstrate the diesel technology to meet the 2007 standards by 2005 with the reasonable costs to be proposed by the bidders.

Proposal

The purpose of the RFP is to solicit cost-shared proposals to demonstrate and evaluate the performance, durability, reliability, and emission-reduction potential of advanced diesel emission control systems (ADECS) in engines fueled by low-sulfur diesel fuel and commonly used in waste collection vehicles. The ADECS may include a modified combustion system and advanced exhaust emissions control devices with improved engine controls. The proposed RFP facilitates the implementation of advanced alternative diesel fuel technology that could potentially reduce NOx and PM emissions from diesel-powered waste collection vehicles subject to Rule 1193.

Proponents will be required to perform engine dynamometer tests over the EPA heavy-duty Federal Test Procedures (FTP) and steady-state test cycles to assess fuel consumption, gaseous emissions, and particulate matter emissions from the test engine with and without ADECS. NOx and PM emissions at the exhaust of test engine with ADECS shall not exceed 0.2 g/bhp-hr and 0.01 g/bhp-hr as determined by the heavy-duty engine FTP, respectively. NO2 emissions shall not exceed 20 percent of the total NOx, and HC and CO emissions shall not exceed 1.3 and 15.5 g/bhp-hr, respectively.

Outreach

In accordance with the AQMD’s consulting and contracting policies, a public notice advertising the RFP and inviting bids will be published in the following publications:
 

1.	Antelope Valley Press	10.	Korea Central Daily	19.	Precinct Reporter
2.	Black Voice News	11.	La Opinion	20.	Press Enterprise
3.	Chinese Daily News	12.	La Prensa Hispana	21.	Rafu Shimpo
4.	Desert Sun	13.	La Voz Publications	22.	San Bernardino Sun
5.	Eastern Group Publications	14.	Los Angeles Daily News	23.	State of California Contracts
6.	El Chicano	15.	Los Angeles Sentinel		Register
7.	El Informador	16.	Los Angeles Times	24.	The Excelsior
8.	Inland Empire Hispanic News	17.	Orange County Register	25	The Signal
9.	Inland Valley Daily Bulletin	18.	Philippine News	26	Wave Community Newspapers

Additionally, potential bidders will be notified utilizing the Los Angeles County MTA and Cal Trans Directories of Certified Minority, Women, Disadvantaged and Disabled Veterans Business Enterprises; the Inland Area Opportunity Pages Ethnic/Women Business & Professional Directory; AQMD’s own electronic listing of certified minority vendors; and AQMD Purchasing’s mailing list. Notice of the RFP will be mailed to the Black and Latino Legislative Caucuses and various minority chambers of commerce and business associations; and placed on the Internet at AQMD’s Web site [http://www.aqmd.gov, "Business and Job Opportunities" icon] and AQMD’s bidder’s 24-hour telephone message line (909) 396-2724.

Benefits to the AQMD

The proposed project is included in the 2003 Update of the Technology Advancement Plan under 2003CFE1-1, "Develop and Demonstrate Advanced Aftertreatment Technologies for Alternative Liquid fuels." The proposed project supports the implementation of advanced emission control system that could potentially reduce heavy-duty diesel engine-out NOx and PM emissions by 90 percent or more, and accelerate the introduction of heavy-duty engines that meet 2007 and 2010 federal emission standards for NOx and PM.

Resource Impacts

Funding for the RFP is not yet defined and staff will seek cost proposals by tasks from the bidders.

Attachments

1. Survey Results
2. RFP #P2004-06

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